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Scala ( ) is a programming language for general software applications. Scala has full support for functional programming and a very strong static type system. Many of Scala's design decisions were inspired by criticism of the shortcomings of Java.〔 Scala source code is intended to be compiled to Java bytecode, so that the resulting executable code runs on a Java virtual machine. Java libraries may be used directly in Scala code and vice versa (language interoperability). Like Java, Scala is object-oriented, and uses a curly-brace syntax reminiscent of the C programming language. Unlike Java, Scala has many features of functional programming languages like Scheme, Standard ML and Haskell, including currying, type inference, immutability, lazy evaluation, and pattern matching. It also has an advanced type system supporting algebraic data types, covariance and contravariance, higher-order types (but not higher-rank types), and anonymous types. Other features of Scala not present in Java include operator overloading, optional parameters, named parameters, raw strings, and no checked exceptions. The name Scala is a portmanteau of "scalable" and "language", signifying that it is designed to grow with the demands of its users. == History == The design of Scala started in 2001 at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) by Martin Odersky, following on from work on Funnel, a programming language combining ideas from functional programming and Petri nets.〔Martin Odersky, ("A Brief History of Scala" ), Artima.com weblogs, June 9, 2006〕 Odersky had previously worked on Generic Java and javac, Sun's Java compiler.〔 After an internal release in late 2003, Scala was released publicly in early 2004 on the Java platform, and on the .NET platform in June 2004.〔〔〔Martin Odersky, "The Scala Language Specification Version 2.7"〕 A second version (v2.0) followed in March 2006.〔 The .NET support was officially dropped in 2012.〔(Expunged the .net backend. by paulp · Pull Request #1718 · scala/scala · GitHub ). Github.com (2012-12-05). Retrieved on 2013-11-02.〕 Although Scala had extensive support for functional programming from the beginning, Java remained a purely object oriented language until the introduction of lambda expressions with Java 8 in 2014. On 17 January 2011 the Scala team won a five-year research grant of over €2.3 million from the European Research Council.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Scala Team Wins ERC Grant )〕 On 12 May 2011, Odersky and collaborators launched Typesafe Inc., a company to provide commercial support, training, and services for Scala. Typesafe received a $3 million investment in 2011 from Greylock Partners.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Commercial Support for Scala )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Why We Invested in Typesafe: Modern Applications Demand Modern Tools )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Open-source Scala gains commercial backing )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Cloud computing pioneer Martin Odersky takes wraps off his new company Typesafe )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scala (programming language)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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